Basic Genetics Simulations

Basic Genetics Simulations Visually

Learn Basic Genetics visually with interactive simulations. Explore DNA Structure, Replication, Gene Expression, and Mendelian Inheritance with step-by-step animations and real data examples.

DNA Heredity Genetic Code Variation Mutations

What is Basic Genetics?

Basic genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. It focuses on how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes, which are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins or functional RNA molecules.

Basic genetics encompasses the study of DNA structure and function, gene expression and regulation, inheritance patterns, genetic mutations, and the relationship between genotype (genetic makeup) and phenotype (observable traits). It bridges molecular biology and evolutionary biology.

Medical Genetics

Genetics principles guide diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of inherited diseases and genetic disorders.

Genetic Diagnosis Gene Therapy Personalized Medicine
  • Identification of disease-causing mutations
  • Carrier screening and prenatal testing
  • Gene therapy for inherited disorders
  • Pharmacogenomics for drug selection
  • Cancer genetics and tumor profiling
Agricultural Genetics

Genetics enables crop improvement, livestock breeding, and development of sustainable agricultural practices.

Crop Improvement Animal Breeding GMO Development
  • Development of disease-resistant crops
  • Improved nutritional content in foods
  • Selective breeding for desirable traits
  • Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
  • Conservation of genetic diversity

Interactive Genetics Simulations

Explore genetics concepts through hands-on interactive visualizations

DNA Structure

Visualize the double helix structure of DNA with interactive 3D models showing base pairing and sugar-phosphate backbone.

DNA Structure Components

  • Deoxyribose Sugar: Five-carbon sugar forming the backbone
  • Phosphate Groups: Connect sugars to form the backbone
  • Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
  • Base Pairing: A-T (2 hydrogen bonds), G-C (3 hydrogen bonds)
  • Double Helix: Two antiparallel strands twisted around each other
Key Calculations

GC Content: 50%

Helix Turns: 10.5 bp/turn

Major Groove Width: 22 Å

DNA Replication Process

  • Helicase: Unwinds the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
  • Single-Strand Binding Proteins: Stabilize unwound DNA
  • Primase: Synthesizes RNA primers for DNA polymerase
  • DNA Polymerase: Adds nucleotides in 5' to 3' direction
  • Ligase: Joins Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
Replication Calculations

Replication Speed: 50 nucleotides/sec

Error Rate: 1 in 10^9

Processivity: ~1000 nucleotides

DNA Replication

Watch DNA replication in action with leading and lagging strand synthesis.

Mendelian Inheritance

Simulate monohybrid and dihybrid crosses with Punnett squares.

Mendel's Laws

  • Law of Segregation: Alleles separate during gamete formation
  • Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits assort independently
  • Dominance: One allele masks the expression of another
Inheritance Probabilities

Homozygous Dominant: 25%

Heterozygous: 50%

Homozygous Recessive: 25%

Gene Expression Process

  • Transcription: DNA to rnF synthesis by RNA polymerase
  • rnF Processing: Capping, splicing, and polyadenylation
  • Translation: rnF to protein synthesis by ribosomes
  • xkG: Carries amino acids to ribosome based on codons
  • Ribosome: Catalyzes peptide bond formation
Expression Calculations

Transcription Rate: 50 nucleotides/sec

Translation Rate: 15 amino acids/sec

Protein Yield: 1000 copies

Gene Expression

Visualize transcription and translation processes with moving molecules.

Export/Import Simulation Data

Save your simulation results or load previous experiments

Genetics vs Related Fields

Understanding the distinctions between genetics and related biological disciplines

Genetics vs Molecular Biology

Genetics: Focuses on heredity, gene function, and inheritance patterns.

Molecular Biology: Studies biological activity at the molecular level, including DNA, RNA, and protein interactions.

Overlap: Both examine DNA structure and function, but genetics emphasizes inheritance while molecular biology focuses on molecular mechanisms.

Genetics vs Cell Biology

Genetics: Concerned with genes, heredity, and genetic variation.

Cell Biology: Studies cell structure, function, and physiology.

Overlap: Cell biology provides the cellular context for genetic processes, while genetics explains hereditary aspects of cellular function.

Genetics vs Evolution

Genetics: Examines individual genes and inheritance within populations.

Evolution: Studies changes in species over time and mechanisms of speciation.

Overlap: Population genetics bridges these fields by studying how genetic variation changes over generations, driving evolutionary processes.