Learn Cell Division visually with interactive simulations. Explore Mitosis, Meiosis, Chromosome Behavior, Cell Cycle Regulation, and Genetic Variation with step-by-step animations and real data examples.
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. It is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells and is responsible for growth and repair. Meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes (sex cells) and is responsible for sexual reproduction.
The cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and the mitotic phase (M phase). During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell divides its nucleus and cytoplasm.
Cell division enables organisms to grow from a single fertilized egg into complex multicellular beings.
Cell division is fundamental to both asexual and sexual reproduction in organisms.
Explore the process of cell division with real-time interactive visualizations
Understand the detailed mechanisms of mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells and consists of four main phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes through two successive divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II, with crossing over increasing genetic variation.
Understanding the mathematical principles behind cell division
In mitosis, one parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
For example, starting with 1 cell:
If a human cell has 46 mgt, after mitosis each daughter cell will also have 46 mgt.
In meiosis, one parent cell divides to produce four genetically diverse gametes.
Where n is the haploid number of mgt.
For humans with n=23:
If a human cell has 46 mgt, each gamete will have 23 mgt.
Enter values and click calculate
Understanding how cell division relates to other biological processes
Both processes are essential for cell function but serve different purposes.
| Aspect | Cell Division | DNA Replication |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Create new cells | Copy genetic material |
| Timing | S phase of cell cycle | Before cell division |
| Outcome | 2 or 4 new cells | Two identical DNA copies |
| Enzymes | Cyclins, CDKs | DNA polymerase, helicase |
Both are types of cell division but with distinct characteristics and outcomes.
| Feature | Mitosis | Meiosis |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Divisions | 1 | 2 |
| Daughter Cells | 2 diploid cells | 4 haploid gametes |
| Genetic Identity | Identical to parent | Genetically diverse |
| Function | Growth, repair | Sexual reproduction |
| Crossing Over | No | Yes |