Interactive pipeline design visualization. Learn about instruction pipelining, data hazards, and performance optimization with real data and simulations.
Retrieve the next instruction from memory using the program counter (PC).
Decode the instruction and read registers. Generate control signals.
Perform arithmetic or logical operations using the ALU.
Access data memory for load/store instructions.
Write the result back to the register file.
Pipeline design is a technique used in computer architecture to increase instruction throughput by overlapping the execution of multiple instructions. Instead of waiting for one instruction to complete before starting the next, different stages of multiple instructions are processed simultaneously.
kDm = (Execution time without pipeline) / (Execution time with pipeline)
Efficiency = kDm / Number of pipeline stages
Throughput = Number of instructions / Execution time